{"id":43229,"date":"2023-05-08T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-08T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/?p=43229"},"modified":"2026-03-30T14:33:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T12:33:59","slug":"cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti busola \u0219i harta?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Orientarea \u00een teren este acum facilitat\u0103 de aplica\u021bii pentru smartphone-uri, <a href=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/navigatie-gps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">receptoare GPS<\/a> sau dispozitive multifunc\u021bionale in <a href=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/ceasuri-turistice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ceasurile turistice<\/a>. Pot fi de mare ajutor, mai ales \u00een condi\u021bii dificile. Au \u00eens\u0103 un dezavantaj: depind de energie, care uneori se poate epuiza. Atunci, ceea ce este la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103, este ceea ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna, \u00een toate circumstan\u021bele \u0219i indiferent de sursa de alimentare. \u00cen acest articol, voi discuta despre cum s\u0103 folosi\u021bi busola \u0219i harta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nu-orice-turist-\u0219tie-sa-foloseasca-o-busola-\u0219i-o-harta\">Nu orice turist \u0219tie s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 o busol\u0103 \u0219i o hart\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2nd desf\u0103\u0219or cursuri de naviga\u021bie, m\u0103 uime\u0219te c\u0103 adesea oamenii care se plimb\u0103 la munte de ani de zile nu au idee cum s\u0103 determine nordul, folosind aceste dou\u0103 lucruri, ca s\u0103 nu mai vorbim de activit\u0103\u021bi mai complicate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00centre timp, navigarea folosind o hart\u0103 de h\u00e2rtie nu este doar u\u0219oar\u0103, dar ajut\u0103 \u0219i la dezvoltarea unui sentiment de orientare \u00een teren. Pe baza h\u0103r\u021bii \u0219i a busolei, cel mai bine este s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi cele mai importante trei probleme de navigare:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Unde sunt?<\/li><li>Unde merg?<\/li><li>Ce po\u021bi vedea \u00een jurul meu?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mapy-turystyczne.jpg\" alt=\"mapa na wycieczk\u0119 w Tatry\" class=\"wp-image-43233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mapy-turystyczne.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mapy-turystyczne-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Naviga\u021bi cu o hart\u0103? Contrar aparen\u021belor, nu orice turist \u00eei face fa\u021b\u0103. (foto 8a.ro)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cum-se-folose\u0219te-harta-la-ce-sa-fiti-atenti\">Cum se folose\u0219te harta? La ce s\u0103 fiti atenti?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scala\">&#8211; Scala<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>O hart\u0103 de h\u00e2rtie este baza naviga\u021biei. Caracteristica sa important\u0103 este scala, care comunic\u0103 propor\u021biile \u00een care a fost cartografiat\u0103 zona pe foaie. O frac\u021bie este folosit\u0103 pentru a reprezenta scara, scris\u0103 ca 1: XXX, unde XXX este de c\u00e2te ori a fost redus\u0103 imaginea terenului \u00eenainte de a fi transferat\u0103 pe h\u00e2rtie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u0103r\u021bile turistice bune sunt realizate de obicei la scara 1:50.000, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 1 centimetru pe hart\u0103 este egal cu 50.000 de centimetri, adic\u0103 500 de metri pe sol. Scala 1:100.000 \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 1 cm pe hart\u0103 este egal cu 1 km pe sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scalele de 1:10.000 sau 1:25.000 sunt scale MARI \u0219i mai detaliate, deoarece le scriem cu o frac\u021bie mai mare. Scala 1:1.000.000 este o scal\u0103 MIC\u0102 \u0219i foarte general\u0103, deoarece cu ajutorul ei prezent\u0103m regiuni \u0219i \u021b\u0103ri \u00eentregi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-niveluri\">&#8211; Niveluri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Liniile de contur, adic\u0103 liniile care leag\u0103 puncte de \u00een\u0103l\u021bime egal\u0103, sunt, de asemenea, foarte importante pe hart\u0103. Citirea lor ajut\u0103 s\u0103 ne imagin\u0103m relieful p\u0103m\u00e2ntului. O densitate mare a liniilor de nivel este un teren abrupt, o densitate mica \u2013 teren bl\u00e2nd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Curbele de nivel sunt echivalentul v\u0103ilor \u0219i crestelor. Contururile \u00eenchise sunt v\u00e2rfuri de munte. Crestaturile puternice sunt ravenele sau crestele abrupte. Dar aminti\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 mun\u021bii sunt \u00een continu\u0103 schimbare. Fostele poteci pot avea un curs diferit. Gama p\u0103durilor s-a schimbat \u0219i ea de-a lungul anilor. Prin urmare, \u00eencerca\u021bi s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi cele mai actualizate h\u0103r\u021bi posibile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cum-se-folose\u0219te-busola-la-ce-sa-fiti-atent\">Cum se folose\u0219te busola? La ce s\u0103 fiti atent?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Elementul de baz\u0103 al unei <a href=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/compasuri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">busole<\/a> este un ac magnetic care urmeaz\u0103 liniile c\u00e2mpului magnetic al P\u0103m\u00e2ntului. Cap\u0103tul s\u0103u, de obicei marcat cu ro\u0219u, indic\u0103 spre nord. \u0218i iat\u0103 o not\u0103 important\u0103: busola nu arat\u0103 polul geografic, ci pe cel magnetic. Ace\u0219ti doi poli nu coincid, de\u0219i \u00een Rom\u00e2nia este de pu\u021bin\u0103 importan\u021b\u0103. \u00cen unele \u021b\u0103ri, totu\u0219i, este necesar s\u0103 se efectueze o corec\u021bie pentru aceasta \u0219i s\u0103 se corecteze aceast\u0103 diferen\u021b\u0103 (a\u0219a-numita declina\u021bie magnetic\u0103).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru a lucra cu harta, busola are nevoie de o rigl\u0103 care s\u0103 o alinieze de-a lungul liniei nord-sud. Liniile direc\u021bionale din partea de jos a cadranului rotativ sunt de asemenea utile. Fi\u021bi con\u0219tien\u021bi de posibilele interferen\u021be din partea obiectelor metalice \u0219i a altor busole. Baza naviga\u021biei este&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-orientare-harta\">Orientare hart\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Majoritatea h\u0103r\u021bilor sunt desenate astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t nordul s\u0103 fie \u00een partea de sus a foii. Excep\u021bii, de\u0219i rare, exist\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 acorda\u021bi aten\u021bie indicatoarelor de direc\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru ca nordul de pe hart\u0103 s\u0103 coincid\u0103 cu nordul de la sol, trebuie s\u0103 efectua\u021bi \u00eentotdeauna manevra de orientare a h\u0103r\u021bii. Acesta merge dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-a\u0219eza\u021bi-busola-pe-harta\">1.A\u0219eza\u021bi busola pe hart\u0103<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-przy-pomocy-kompasu.jpg\" alt=\"harta \u00een mun\u021bi\" class=\"wp-image-43240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-przy-pomocy-kompasu.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-przy-pomocy-kompasu-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Cum s\u0103 folositi busola \u0219i harta? \u00cencepe\u021bi cu loca\u021bia dispozitivului dvs. de naviga\u021bie. (fotografie din arhiva autorului)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-roti\u021bi-cadranul-busolei-astfel-incat-marginea-sa-\u0219i-liniile-de-direc\u021bie-trasate-sub-cadran-sa-fie-paralele-intre-ele-\u0219i-paralele-cu-marginea-har\u021bii\">2. Roti\u021bi cadranul busolei, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t marginea sa \u0219i liniile de direc\u021bie trasate sub cadran s\u0103 fie paralele \u00eentre ele \u0219i paralele cu marginea h\u0103r\u021bii.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-z-mapa-i-kompasem.jpg\" alt=\"cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti o busol\u0103 \u0219i o hart\u0103\" class=\"wp-image-43243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-z-mapa-i-kompasem.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-z-mapa-i-kompasem-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Cum s\u0103 folositi busola \u0219i harta? Al doilea punct se refer\u0103 la \u201epotrivirea\u201d corespunz\u0103toare a ambelor elemente. (fotografie din arhiva autorului)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-roti\u021bi-harta-cu-busola-plasata-pe-ea-pana-cand-acul-magnetic-indica-marcatorul-de-nord-n-de-pe-cadran\">3. Roti\u021bi harta cu busola plasat\u0103 pe ea p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd acul magnetic indic\u0103 marcatorul de nord \u201eN\u201d de pe cadran.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ustawianie-kompasu.jpg\" alt=\"Cum se regleaz\u0103 busola\" class=\"wp-image-43246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ustawianie-kompasu.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ustawianie-kompasu-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Cum s\u0103 folositi busola \u0219i harta? \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, harta este aranjat\u0103 corespunz\u0103tor. (fotografie din arhiva autorului)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2nd reu\u0219i\u021bi s\u0103 realiza\u021bi acest lucru, harta dvs. va coincide cu terenul. A\u0219a c\u0103 pute\u021bi \u00eencepe s\u0103 recunoa\u0219teti obiectele din jur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cum-sa-folositi-busola-\u0219i-harta-stabilirea-direc\u021biei-de-mers\">Cum s\u0103 folositi busola \u0219i harta? Stabilirea direc\u021biei de mers.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 stiti unde va aflati \u0219i pl\u0103nuiti s\u0103 ajungeti \u00eentr-un punct vizibil \u00een dep\u0103rtare, trebuie s\u0103 stabiliti direc\u021bia mersului. Datorit\u0103 acestui lucru, veti putea urma direc\u021bia corect\u0103, chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd punctul men\u021bionat (v\u00e2rf, cabana sau ora\u0219) dispare din vedere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cum se determin\u0103 direc\u021bia \u00eendreptat\u0103 c\u0103tre un anumit obiect? Cea mai u\u0219oar\u0103 cale este prin azimut, adic\u0103 unghiul dintre direc\u021bia nord \u0219i direc\u021bia care duce la locul dvs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Azimutul este num\u0103rat \u00een grade, \u00een sensul acelor de ceasornic. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 linia de mar\u0219 care duce strict spre nord are un azimut de zero (0\u00b0). Sud &#8211; 180\u00b0. Vest &#8211; 270\u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cum-sa-folositi-busola-\u0219i-harta-cum-sa-mar\u0219aluiti-spre-azimut\">Cum s\u0103 folositi busola \u0219i harta? Cum s\u0103 m\u0103r\u0219\u0103luiti spre azimut?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-localiza\u021bi-propria-loca\u021bie-pe-harta\">1. Localiza\u021bi propria loca\u021bie pe hart\u0103. <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wyznaczanie-azymutu.jpg\" alt=\"Cum se determin\u0103 azimutul\" class=\"wp-image-43252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wyznaczanie-azymutu.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wyznaczanie-azymutu-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Cum se determin\u0103 azimutul? \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 defini\u021bi propria pozi\u021bie. (fotografie din arhiva autorului)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-a\u0219eza\u021bi-busola-pe-harta-astfel-incat-centrul-cadranului-cu-acul-magnetic-sa-fie-in-punctul-in-care-va-afla\u021bi-iar-liniile-de-direc\u021bie-de-sub-cadran-\u0219i-placa-busolei-sa-fie-indreptate-spre-nord\">2. A\u0219eza\u021bi busola pe hart\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t centrul cadranului cu acul magnetic s\u0103 fie \u00een punctul \u00een care v\u0103 afla\u021bi, iar liniile de direc\u021bie de sub cadran \u0219i placa busolei s\u0103 fie \u00eendreptate spre nord.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wedrowanie-na-azymut.jpg\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti o busol\u0103 \u0219i o hart\u0103\" class=\"wp-image-43254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wedrowanie-na-azymut.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wedrowanie-na-azymut-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Cum s\u0103 mergeti p\u00e2n\u0103 la azimut? Al doilea lucru de care trebuie s\u0103 ave\u021bi grij\u0103 este alinierea corect\u0103 a busolei. (fotografie din arhiva autorului)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-specifica\u021bi-direc\u021bia-pe-care-trebuie-sa-o-lua\u021bi-pentru-a-ajunge-la-punctul-selectat-\u0219i-citi\u021bi-valoarea-acestuia-pe-cadranul-busolei-acest-numar-este-azimutul-mersului-dvs\">3. Specifica\u021bi direc\u021bia pe care trebuie s\u0103 o lua\u021bi pentru a ajunge la punctul selectat \u0219i citi\u021bi valoarea acestuia pe cadranul busolei. Acest num\u0103r este azimutul mersului dvs.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/co-to-jest-azymut.jpg\" alt=\"jaki azymut wybra\u0107\" class=\"wp-image-43257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/co-to-jest-azymut.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/co-to-jest-azymut-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Acum tot ce trebuie s\u0103 face\u021bi este s\u0103 determina\u021bi azimutul. (fotografie din arhiva autorului)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>De acum \u00eenainte, pute\u021bi merge p\u00e2n\u0103 la azimut, \u021bin\u00e2nd un ochi pe direc\u021bia mar\u0219ului. Pentru a face acest lucru, roti\u021bi cadranul busolei exact la valoarea azimutului p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd acul magnetic indic\u0103 semnul \u201eN\u201d de pe cadran \u0219i merge\u021bi p\u0103str\u00e2nd aceast\u0103 direc\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/jak-chodzic-na-azymut.jpg\" alt=\"Ce este azimutul pentru\" class=\"wp-image-43258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/jak-chodzic-na-azymut.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/jak-chodzic-na-azymut-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Cunosc\u00e2nd azimutul, este mai u\u0219or s\u0103 ajungeti la destina\u021bie. (fotografie din arhiva autorului)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 un obstacol \u00een cale, pute\u021bi trage o linie \u00eentrerupt\u0103 const\u00e2nd din segmente \u0219i pute\u021bi stabili un azimut separat pentru fiecare dintre ele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cum-sa-va-situati-pe-harta\">Cum s\u0103 va situati pe hart\u0103?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 pute\u021bi numi cel pu\u021bin dou\u0103 puncte pe care le vedeti \u00een jurul &#8211; v\u00e2rfuri, trec\u0103tori, ora\u0219e &#8211; g\u0103siti-le pe hart\u0103. C\u00e2nd acest lucru are succes, trebuie s\u0103 determina\u021bi azimutul fa\u021b\u0103 de primul \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eel trasa\u021bi pe hart\u0103 sub forma unei linii care se extinde din acest loc spre dvs. Apoi determinati azimutul p\u00e2n\u0103 la al doilea punct \u0219i desenati-l \u00een mod similar pe hart\u0103, extinz\u00e2nd linia c\u0103tre dvs. Dac\u0103 urma\u021bi corect procedura, liniile ar trebui s\u0103 se intersecteze unde v\u0103 afla\u021bi. Dac\u0103 utiliza\u021bi trei puncte, ve\u021bi ob\u021bine o precizie \u0219i mai mare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/lokalizacja-w-terenie.jpg\" alt=\"Cum se utilizeaz\u0103 o busol\u0103 \u0219i o hart\u0103?\" class=\"wp-image-43261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/lokalizacja-w-terenie.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/lokalizacja-w-terenie-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Cum s\u0103 folosi\u021bi busola \u0219i harta atunci c\u00e2nd dori\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 determina\u021bi propria loca\u021bie? \u00centr-o astfel de situa\u021bie, este necesar s\u0103 se identifice cel pu\u021bin dou\u0103 puncte caracteristice. (fotografie din arhiva autorului)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cum-sa-folositi-busola-\u0219i-harta-orientare-pe-teren\">Cum s\u0103 folositi busola \u0219i harta? Orientare pe teren.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 v\u0103 cunoa\u0219te\u021bi loca\u021bia \u0219i ave\u021bi o busol\u0103, pute\u021bi r\u0103spunde cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 la ultima \u00eentrebare important\u0103 de navigare: ce pute\u021bi vedea \u00een jurul vostru? \u00cen cursul a\u0219a-zisului \u201eslamming the panorama\u201d, adic\u0103 descrierea tuturor obiectelor numite din jur, este un fel de competi\u021bie. Aceast\u0103 activitate necesit\u0103 cunoa\u0219terea punctului \u00een care v\u0103 afla\u021bi \u0219i orientarea h\u0103r\u021bii astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 fie aranjat\u0103 \u00een conformitate cu punctele cardinale. Atunci c\u00e2nd este cazul, pute\u021bi specifica numele lor atunci c\u00e2nd determina\u021bi direc\u021bia v\u00e2rfurilor \u0219i trecerilor vizibile. Acest lucru necesit\u0103 aten\u021bie \u0219i pu\u021bin\u0103 practic\u0103: este destul de u\u0219or s\u0103 numi\u021bi puncte \u00een prim plan, dar de multe ori le recunoa\u0219te\u021bi pe acelea \u00eendep\u0103rtate, aflate \u00een creste \u00eendep\u0103rtate \u0219i uneori chiar masive montane, referindu-v\u0103 la cele mai apropiate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deci, cel mai simplu mod este s\u0103 numi\u021bi v\u00e2rfurile mai aproape de dvs. \u0219i s\u0103 le recunoa\u0219te\u021bi pe urm\u0103toarele compar\u00e2nd loca\u021bia lor cu cele anterioare. Un truc care ajut\u0103 la urm\u0103rirea mun\u021bilor \u0219i v\u0103ilor ulterioare este s\u0103 va uita\u021bi \u00een direc\u021bia lor \u0219i s\u0103 trage\u021bi o sfoar\u0103 sub\u021bire pe suprafa\u021ba h\u0103r\u021bii, pe care ar trebui s\u0103 fie ata\u0219at\u0103 busola. Un astfel de indicator \u201eochi-obiect\u201d va intersecta locul c\u0103utat, ceea ce va ajuta la identificarea acestuia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cum-sa-folositi-busola-\u0219i-harta-note-la-final\">Cum s\u0103 folositi busola \u0219i harta? Note la final.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Activit\u0103\u021bile prezentate mai sus stau la baza lucrului cu harta \u0219i busola. Cu toate acestea, st\u0103p\u00e2nirea lor v\u0103 va permite s\u0103 g\u0103si\u021bi locul potrivit \u0219i s\u0103 determina\u021bi direc\u021bia \u00een marea majoritate a cazurilor. Merit\u0103 s\u0103 le exersa\u021bi \u00een locuri familiare \u0219i u\u0219oare, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 v\u0103 intre \u00een s\u00e2nge \u0219i s\u0103 v\u0103 ajute pe viitor, \u00eentr-un loc \u0219i \u00eentr-un timp dificil. Se poate dovedi c\u0103 datorit\u0103 acestor cuno\u0219tin\u021be veti ie\u0219i \u00eentr-o zi dintr-o situa\u021bie de criz\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00centr-o lume \u00een care dispozitivele electronice sunt la v\u00e2rf, uneori uit\u0103m de instrumentele tradi\u021bionale, cum ar fi o busol\u0103 clasic\u0103. Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 situa\u021bii \u00een care capacitatea de a opera astfel de echipamente va poate salva de opresiune.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":43232,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26059],"tags":[26098,26093,26088,26089],"class_list":["post-43229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turism-trekking","tag-manual","tag-tot-anul","tag-trekking","tag-turism"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.7 (Yoast SEO v28.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti busola \u0219i harta? Vezi ghidul! | 8academy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e2nd electronicele e\u0219ueaz\u0103, ceea ce vine \u00een ajutor este ceea ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een toate circumstan\u021bele \u0219i indiferent de sursa de alimentare. Afla\u021bi cum s\u0103 folosi\u021bi busola \u0219i harta\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti busola \u0219i harta?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u00e2nd electronicele e\u0219ueaz\u0103, ceea ce vine \u00een ajutor este ceea ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een toate circumstan\u021bele \u0219i indiferent de sursa de alimentare. Afla\u021bi cum s\u0103 folosi\u021bi busola \u0219i harta\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"8academy.ro - portal de munte \u0219i alpinism pentru persoanele active\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/pl-pl.facebook.com\/sklep8apl\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-08T07:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-30T12:33:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/jak-korzystac-z-mapy.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0141ukasz Supergan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u0141ukasz Supergan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minut\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti busola \u0219i harta? Vezi ghidul! | 8academy","description":"C\u00e2nd electronicele e\u0219ueaz\u0103, ceea ce vine \u00een ajutor este ceea ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een toate circumstan\u021bele \u0219i indiferent de sursa de alimentare. Afla\u021bi cum s\u0103 folosi\u021bi busola \u0219i harta","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti busola \u0219i harta?","og_description":"C\u00e2nd electronicele e\u0219ueaz\u0103, ceea ce vine \u00een ajutor este ceea ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een toate circumstan\u021bele \u0219i indiferent de sursa de alimentare. Afla\u021bi cum s\u0103 folosi\u021bi busola \u0219i harta","og_url":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/","og_site_name":"8academy.ro - portal de munte \u0219i alpinism pentru persoanele active","article_publisher":"https:\/\/pl-pl.facebook.com\/sklep8apl\/","article_published_time":"2023-05-08T07:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-30T12:33:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":628,"url":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/jak-korzystac-z-mapy.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"\u0141ukasz Supergan","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napisane przez":"\u0141ukasz Supergan","Szacowany czas czytania":"11 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/"},"author":{"name":"\u0141ukasz Supergan","@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/#\/schema\/person\/eaf166d69373907c8e46461771300229"},"headline":"Cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti busola \u0219i harta?","datePublished":"2023-05-08T07:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-30T12:33:59+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/"},"wordCount":1722,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/korzystanie-z-mapy.jpg","keywords":["Manual","Tot anul","Trekking","Turism"],"articleSection":["Turism \/ trekking"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/","url":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/","name":"Cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti busola \u0219i harta? Vezi ghidul! | 8academy","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/korzystanie-z-mapy.jpg","datePublished":"2023-05-08T07:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-30T12:33:59+00:00","description":"C\u00e2nd electronicele e\u0219ueaz\u0103, ceea ce vine \u00een ajutor este ceea ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een toate circumstan\u021bele \u0219i indiferent de sursa de alimentare. Afla\u021bi cum s\u0103 folosi\u021bi busola \u0219i harta","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/korzystanie-z-mapy.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/korzystanie-z-mapy.jpg","width":1100,"height":715,"caption":"harta compasului"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/cum-sa-folosesti-busola-si-harta\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna","item":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti busola \u0219i harta?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/#website","url":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/","name":"8academy.ro - portal de munte \u0219i alpinism pentru persoanele active","description":"8academy este un portal montan despre alpinism, drume\u021bii \u0219i para\u0219utism. Aici ve\u021bi g\u0103si sfaturi, teste de echipament \u0219i descrieri ale celor mai bune zone. \u00cei inspir\u0103m pe cuceritori!","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/#organization","name":"8academy.ro - portal de munte \u0219i alpinism pentru persoanele active","url":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/logo.png","width":438,"height":315,"caption":"8academy.ro - portal de munte \u0219i alpinism pentru persoanele active"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pl-pl.facebook.com\/sklep8apl\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/8apl\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/#\/schema\/person\/eaf166d69373907c8e46461771300229","name":"\u0141ukasz Supergan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Lukasz-Supergan-avatar-150x150.jpg","url":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Lukasz-Supergan-avatar-150x150.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Lukasz-Supergan-avatar-150x150.jpg","caption":"\u0141ukasz Supergan"},"description":"Pasiunea sa este drume\u021bia pe distan\u021be lungi, \u00een orice perioad\u0103 a anului, la orice latitudine. \u00cen ultimii cinci ani, a parcurs peste 15.000 km pe jos, \u00een mun\u021bii din Europa \u0219i Asia. A str\u0103b\u0103tut Mun\u021bii Zagros din Iran \u0219i lan\u021bul Pirineilor. \u00cen 2004, a devenit primul om care a traversat singur Arcul Carpatic, repet\u00e2nd isprava nou\u0103 ani mai t\u00e2rziu. \u00cen 2004, a realizat prima traversare \u00een solitar a Mun\u021bilor Carpa\u021bi (repetat\u0103 dup\u0103 9 ani). A parcurs pe jos 4 000 km pe traseul Var\u0219ovia - Capul Finisterra din Spania. A urcat 2 300 km \u00een Mun\u021bii Zagros iranieni, a escaladat creasta Pirineilor, traseul na\u021bional israelian, a traversat Alpii, a iernat Carpa\u021bii slovaci, 2 travers\u0103ri ale Islandei - vara \u0219i iarna, \u0219i peste 25 de ascensiuni de 4 \u0219i 5 mii de metri \u00een Alpi, Caucaz \u0219i Tien Shan, iar \u00een 2021. - de asemenea, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een v\u00e2rful V\u00e2rfului Lenin (7134 m). Autor a dou\u0103 c\u0103r\u021bi \u0219i a zeci de articole. \u00ce\u0219i \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219e\u0219te experien\u021ba montan\u0103 pe blogul s\u0103u www.lukaszsupergan.com 8academy.pl.","sameAs":["https:\/\/lukaszsupergan.com\/"],"url":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/author\/lukasz-supergan\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43229"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63859,"href":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43229\/revisions\/63859"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/8a.ro\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}